Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Structure and dynamics of the Pacific North Equatorial Subsurface Current

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68605-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: T–S relations of sea waters based on Argo profiles between 4° N and 6° N within 5° of longitude from 150° E in the western basin ( a ), and between 6° N and 8° N within 5° from 165° W and from 130° W in the central ( b ) and the eastern ( c ) basins. CTD station profiles at 8° N, 127° E and 0.45° S, 133.5° E representing the intermediate waters of the MC and NGCUC are overlapped in ( a ) to represent the typical water masses from the North and South Pacific. Salinity distributions (thin black contours with color shading) in meridional sections of 150° E ( d ), 165° W ( e ), and 130° W ( f ). In ( d – f ), the NESC cores are marked by the westward mean geostrophic velocity contours (white) at the interval of 1.0 cm s −1 and the density surfaces are plotted as thick grey contours. Units of the potential temperature, salinity, and potential density are degree Celsius, psu, and kg m −3 , respectively. Salinity maxima of the North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW) and South Pacific Tropical Water (SPTW), and salinity minima of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) and the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) are marked in the panels ( d – f ). ( a – c ) is generented by Ocean Data View software version 5.1.0 ( https://odv.awi.de/ ). ( d – f ) is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b ( https://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Article Snippet: The figure is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b ( https://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Techniques: Western Blot, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Structure and dynamics of the Pacific North Equatorial Subsurface Current

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68605-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Mean zonal Argo geostrophic currents vertically averaged between 240 and 340 m in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. The schematic axes of the major subsurface zonal currents, the Northern Subsurface Countercurrent (NSCC, a.k.a. Tsuchiya Jet) and the North Equatorial Subsurface Current (NESC) are marked. The mooring location and the meridonal sections of Argo profiles used in this paper ( b – d and Fig. ) are also marked by a solid square and dashed lines, respectively. Mean zonal Argo geostrophic currents in the meridional sections of ( b ) 150° E, ( c ) 165° E, and ( d ) 130° W in the western, central and eastern Pacific Ocean, respectively. The major zonal surface (North Equatorial Current, NEC; North Equatorial Countercurrent, NECC) and subsurface (NSCC; NESC) currents in the northern equatorial Pacific Ocean are marked in ( b – d ). The mean currents are averaged from the monthly Argo geostrophic currents from 2014 to 2018. The currents are averaged within longitudinal range of 5° close to the sections. The grey contours mark the potential density surfaces (minus 1,000 kg m −3 ). Unit of the density is kg m −3 . The positive/negative values stand for eastward/westward currents. Only the westward currents are shaded in color to highlight the location of the NESC in ( a ). Unit of currents is cm s −1 . The figure is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b ( https://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Article Snippet: The figure is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b ( https://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Techniques: Northern Blot, Western Blot, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Structure and dynamics of the Pacific North Equatorial Subsurface Current

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68605-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hovmüller plot of the geostrophic volume transport within 1.5° latitudes from the axis of the NESC between 200 and 600 m (“ ”) ( a ) and its interannual anomanlies in reference to the 2004–2018 climatology ( b ). ( c ) Comparison of the interannual geostrophic volume transport and the associated heat transport averaged between 135° E and 145° E, with the Niño 3.4 index. The interannual anomalies of the transports and the Niño 3.4 index have been low passed by a Butterworth filter with a cutoff period of 13 months. The total transport in ( a ) and its interannual anomalies in ( b ) are further smoothed by 3° and 10° longitudinal moving averages, respectively. Blue and red shadings indicate westward (negative) and eastward (positive) transports or transport anomalies, respectively. Black thin lines mark the 5 Sv and 2 Sv contours in ( a ) and ( b ), respectively. Unit of the volume and heat transports is Sv (1 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) and PW (1 × 10 15 W), respectively. Unit of the Niño 3.4 index is degree Celsius. The figure is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b ( https://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Article Snippet: The figure is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b ( https://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Techniques: Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Structure and dynamics of the Pacific North Equatorial Subsurface Current

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68605-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Wind speed components of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, ( b ) zonal velocity of the moored current meter measurements, and ( c ) its mean zonal velocity profiles at 4.7° N, 142° E. Units of the wind speed and current are m s −1 and cm s −1 , respectively. Positive values represent the northward component of the wind velocity and the eastward component of the current velocity. Dashed lines in ( c ) indicate the standard errors of the means at a 95% significance level. The figure is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b ( https://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Article Snippet: The figure is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b ( https://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Techniques: Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Structure and dynamics of the Pacific North Equatorial Subsurface Current

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68605-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Baroclinic modes functions (first three), and ( b ) progressive superpositions of the first 3 baroclinic modes functions scaled by equivalent depths compared with the superposition of the first 10 scaled baroclinic mode functions. The steady-state solution of the linear continuously stratified model (LCSM) in the meridional section of 170° W with first 3 ( c ) or 10 ( d ) baroclinic modes. The main zonal currents are marked in ( c ) and ( d ), including the North and South Equatorial Currents (NEC, SEC), the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), the Equatorial Intermediate Current (EIC), the Northern and Southern Subsurface Countercurrents (NSCC, SSCC), and the NESC. Colors stand for the magnitude of the zonal velocity, blue for the westward currents and red for the eastward currents, respectively. The baroclinic modes functions are normalized by values at the surface. Unit of the zonal velocity is cm s −1 . The figure is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b ( https://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Article Snippet: The figure is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b ( https://www.mathworks.com/ ).

Techniques: Northern Blot, Software